NON-EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION LICENSE WITH OPEN ACCESS

By signing and submitting this license, you (the author(s) or copyright owner) grant AfricaArxiv the non-exclusive right to reproduce, translate (as defined below), and/or distribute your submission (including the abstract) worldwide in print and electronic format and in any medium, including but not limited to audio or video.

You agree that AfricaArxiv may, without changing the content, translate the submission to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation.

You also agree that AfricaArxiv may keep more than one copy of this submission for purposes of security, back-up and preservation.

You represent that the submission is your original work, and that you have the right to grant the rights contained in this license. You also represent that your submission does not, to the best of your knowledge, infringe upon anyone's copyright.

If the submission contains material for which you do not hold copyright, you represent that you have obtained the unrestricted permission of the copyright owner to grant AfricaArxiv the rights required by this license, and that such third-party owned material is clearly identified and acknowledged within the text or content of the submission.

If the submission is based upon work that has been sponsored or supported by an agency or organization other than AfricaArxiv, you represent that you have fulfilled any right of review or other obligations required by such contract or agreement.

AfricaArxiv will clearly identify your name(s) as the author(s) or owner(s) of the submission, and will not make any alteration, other than as allowed by this license, to your submission.

In the interest of promoting open science and global knowledge sharing, you also agree that your submission will be made openly available under the terms of the **Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)**. This license permits others to copy, distribute, display, and perform your work, and derivative works based upon it, provided they give appropriate credit to you as the original author.

---

**Legal Entity:** AfricaArxiv is operated by the UbuntuNet Alliance for Research and Education Networking, which serves as the legal entity for this agreement.