COVID-19 Africa Rapid-Grant Fund

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https://africarxiv.ubuntunet.net/handle/1/1385

The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the outbreak of a new type of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19 respiratory disease) a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The pandemic presented a significant challenge requiring a global response informed by the best scientific research. The Global Research Council (GRC) issued a declaration calling on participating councils to collaborate in the fight against the virus and encourage open sharing of research findings and data as transparency shall help ensure the development of diagnostics, vaccines and prevention measures for the benefit of every nation.

To support Africa’s response to the pandemic and under the auspices of the Science Granting Councils Initiative in Sub-Saharan Africa (SGCI), the NRF South Africa, IDRC, Sida, DFID, United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI) through the Newton Fund, South Africa’s Department of Science and Innovation (DSI), Fonds de Recherche du Québec (FRQ), SGCI participating councils, and additional partners collaborated to implement a Rapid Grant Fund to address research questions and implement science engagement activities associated with COVID-19. The Science Granting Councils Initiative in Sub-Saharan Africa (SGCI) has been implemented through the collaborative efforts of fifteen science granting councils in sub-Saharan Africa since 2015.
The NRF South Africa administered the USD4.75 million Rapid Grant Fund.

The Fund sought to:

Contribute to the African regional and continental response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Support knowledge generation and translation to inform diagnostics, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19 on the continent.
Strengthen African regional and continental science engagement efforts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Leverage strong multilateral collaborations to support Africa’s consolidated response to the COVID-19 pandemic and attract new collaborations from international partners.

The fund supported Research and Science Engagement. The COVID-19 Rapid Grant Fund repository on Africarxiv archives the research and engagement outputs from the grant recipients.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 35

An Odyssey into the World of Enzymes
(2023-03-14) Adewale, Isaac Olusanjo
An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at Oduduwa Hall, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria on Tuesday, 14th March, 2023 by Isaac Olusanjo Adewale, Professor of Biochemistry Inaugural Lecture Series 369
Assessing Effects of Covid-19 Responses on Mental Health in Malawi (Poster)
(2023) Ndasauka, Yamikani; Mchenga, Martina; Kondowe, Fiskani; M'manga, Chilungamo; Kainja, Jimmy; Maliwichi, Limbika; Nyamali, Simunye
The Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic has overwhelmed health systems in all countries, especially those in the least developing countries, Malawi included. As such, this project sought to investigate the effects of Covid-19 responses on mental health in Malawi in terms of perception toward mental health in general, the mental health of adolescents and health workers and mental health services. The project had three main phases, research, awareness campaign and dissemination.
Assessing Effects of Covid-19 Responses on Mental Health in Malawi (Report)
(University of Malawi, 2022-09-05) Ndasauka, Yamikani
The Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic has overwhelmed health systems in all countries, especially those in the least developing countries, Malawi included. As such, this project sought to investigate the effects of Covid-19 responses on mental health in Malawi in terms of perception toward mental health in general, the mental health of adolescents and health workers and mental health services. The project had three main phases, research, awareness campaign and dissemination. The study found a massive influence of culture and religion on perceptions of people with mental health. Mental health is primarily understood from cultural and religious beliefs. Further, the study found that providing mental health services amidst the pandemic has strained the already pressed and neglected health sector. On the effects of Covid-19 on the mental health of frontline health workers, the study found a high prevalence of Covid-19 related depression (31.2%, n=109), anxiety (30.3%, n=109) and PTSD (24.8%, n=109) among healthcare workers. The study also found significantly more healthcare workers with depression (36% VS 16%, P=0.06), anxiety (38% vs 1%, P<0.01), and PTSD (30% vs 8%, P=0.03) in referral hospitals compared to district hospitals. In addition, the study found that overall, 22%, 21% and 23% of the adolescent respondents had Covid-19-related depression, anxiety and PTSD. The project implemented awareness campaigns in the four districts: Lilongwe, Mangochi, Karonga, and Zomba. These awareness campaigns aimed to increase awareness of Covid-19 and its effects on mental health. The awareness campaigns in Zomba and Lilongwe were in the form of Talk-Shows, where speakers were given 10 minutes of presentation which covered the following topics; Introduction to mental Health, Mental Disorders, risk factors of Mental disorders, ways of coping with mental health problems and service providers for mental health services. In Karonga, the project targeted secondary school-going adolescents and was conducted as a variety show which saw students showcase different activities like poems, dances, songs, and drama. In Mangochi, the campaign took place for two days. The first day consisted of mental health training for Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs). On the second day, the awareness campaign was conducted in the community, utilising theatre for development, where community leaders, men, women, and youths were engaged in raising mental health awareness through their play. In all the campaigns, participants were given different mental health IEC materials. The project is disseminating the project and study outcomes by publishing three policy briefs, media coverage, five academic publications, an edited book, and five conference presentations. Aside from increasing engagement with key stakeholders, including health practitioners, policymakers, lawmakers, academia, and government officials, on mental health issues and Covid-19, the project has reached more than 100,000 people through awareness campaigns, radio jingles, and IEC materials, to pay more attention to early signs of mental health problems, prevention and coping strategies and to deal away with the stigma associated with people suffering from mental health problems.
Assessing the performance of regular surgical nose masks as a sampling method for SARSCoV- 2 detection in a cross-sectional study
(PLoS ONE, 2023-10-17) Opoku, Millicent; Obeng-Aboagye, Elizabeth; Yaa Kwartemaa Boamah, Georgina; Adu-Asamoah, Dina; Ismail, Rahmat bint Yusif; Akpo, Margaret Sena; Dogbatse, Elizabeth Etornam; Abraham, Joseph; Odoom, John Kofi; Owusu Donkor, Irene; Akorli, Jewelna
Nose masks are widely worn for protection against respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. They have been reported as possible substrates for viral sampling and testing for COVID-19 but, evaluations have so far been purposive; involving individuals known to have the infection and using improved materials on the nose masks to trap the virus. We investigated the feasibility of using the regular 3-ply surgical masks and, voluntary coughing as a mode of particle expulsion for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections in a cross-sectional study at Ghana’s first COVID-19 testing reference laboratory, the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana. Paired samples of naso-oropharyngeal swabs and nose masks already worn by 103 consenting adult participants (retro masks) were collected. Participants were also required to produce three strong coughs into a newly supplied sterile surgical nose mask. Pre-wetted swabs in Viral Transport Media (VTM) were used in swabbing the inner lining of each nose mask. The swabs used were then stored in VTM to maintain the integrity of the samples. PCR results of SARS-CoV-2 detection from the nose masks were compared to those from naso-oropharyngeal swabs (‘gold-standard’). Out of the 103 participants tested with all three methods, 66 individuals sampled with naso-oropharyngeal swabs were detected as positive, and the retro and new masks matched 9 and 4, respectively. Only 3 individuals were positive across all three sampling methods accessed. The retro nose masks performed better in matching the gold-standard results than the new mask + coughing method, with 90% vs 80% sensitivity, positive predictive value of 13.6% vs 6%, and a weak but significant linear relationship (adj. R2 = 0.1; P = 0.0004). Importantly, we also show that the nose masks would work for sampling whether individuals are symptomatic or asymptomatic since gold-standard PCR cycling threshold (Ct) values for positive individuals did not differ between the two groups (P< 0.05). We recommend including features such as talking during participant engagement, use of a spontaneous cough inducer and increased coughing bouts > 3, to improve the performance of sterile nose masks for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
BIOASSAY-GUIDED ISOLATION OF FURIN INHIBITORS FROM LEAF EXTRACT OF Momordica charantia L.
(2022-09-18) Famutimi, Oladoyin Grace; Adewale, Isaac Olusanjo; Osiebe, Oghenesivwe; Aderogba, Mutalib Adeniran
Proprotein convertase-furin is involved in numerous physiological and pathogenic processes, such as viral propagation, bacterial toxin activation, cancer, and metastasis. Because of its involvement in these disease-related processes, the inhibition of this enzyme could be a promising drug target. The several existing synthetic inhibitors of furin are associated with side effects. Hence, we focused on natural sources, in particular, medicinal plant with antiviral capabilities. This study was designed to isolate the bioactive secondary metabolites present in Momordica charantia leaf extract and determine their potential bioactivity on furin. M. charantia leaves were air-dried, ground to fine powder and extracted using 80% (v/v) methanol. The methanolic extract was concentrated in vacuo at 40 oC and the crude extract obtained was partitioned successively with n-hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (BuOH). A bioassay-guided screening of the crude extract and solvent fractions was carried out against the activity of recombinant human furin with the release of fluorescent 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (AMC) liberated from the substrate, Pyroglutamic acid-Arg-Thr-Lys-Arg-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide, in a fluorimeter plate reader. Thereafter, the most potent fraction was subjected to chromatographic separation using thin layer (TLC) and column chromatographic techniques. The eluted fractions and subfractions were screened for bioactivity. The crude extract showed inhibition percentages of 51.9 and 100% at 7 and 12.5 ng/μl, respectively. The HEX fraction (7 ng/μl) exerted the highest inhibition (72%) on furin compared to other fractions while the BuOH fraction activated the enzyme by 1.5%. The chromatographed HEX fraction yielded seven (7) fractions with different physical properties. Five of these fractions gave single spot on TLC plate. Six fractions (MC I to VI) exhibited potent inhibition against furin with inhibition percentages ranging from 67 to 100% when 0.5 ng/μl of the inhibitor was used. Further fractionation of MC VI on preparative thin layer chromatography gave two sub fractions (A and B) which gave 50% inhibition, respectively. Overall, the presence of these potent inhibitors of furin in the leaf extract of M. charantia could provide a rationale for the ethnomedicinal use of the plant for viral infection in Nigerian folk medicine. Also, further investigations are underway for a better understanding and structural elucidation of the secondary metabolites responsible for the bioactivity observed on furin.
Comparative analysis of the antibody titers to different SARS-COV-2 vaccines in vaccinated tertiary students in Botswana
(2023) Maswabi, Bokang
Rapidly evolving new variants of SARS-CoV-2, e.g., alpha, beta, delta and omicron, were associated with higher transmissibility and pathogenicity causing new waves of infections in most countries. During the Covid-19 pandemic Botswana like most countries in Africa initiated a rigorous vaccine program to protect its population. Due to the dynamics of vaccine availability Botswana engaged in a heterologous mix and match vaccine strategy which relied on using generally available vaccines while. The country prioritised vulnerable citizens. Hence subjects received various vaccines and in various regimen in both Homologous and heterologous combinations. In Botswana, the administered vaccines included inactivated virus-based vaccines Sinovac/CoronaVac, mRNA-based vaccines Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna and lastly viral vector-based vaccines AstraZeneca and Janssen by Johnson & Johnson. These vaccines stimulate immune responses, including B-cell (humoral/antibody) activation with subsequent production of antibodies (IgM, IgG, IgA) [2,3,4]. Research work was done to analyse and quantify induced antibody titers (IgM and IgG) in vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals during the Covid-19 pandemic. We also enrolled participants in a longitudinal cohort-based sero-epidemiological survey to quantify the proportion of subjects who were seropositive at various points during Covid-19 pandemic.
COVID animations – Bringing Film to Life (Poster)
(2023) Lugemwa, Abbas; Gibb, Tom; Kityo, Cissy; Ahebwa, Iqra; Ssempiri, Geofrey; Nakisekka, Mariam; Mugerwa, Henry
At the pick of COVID 19 pandemic there was limited scientific information reaching the political and technical teams for timely and evidence-based information sharing with the general population. Restrictions aimed at slowing the spread of coronavirus along with disinformation, affected pandemic control measures and general health care delivery. It threatened to undermine public health targets and achievements built up over many years in areas such as Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Childhood Vaccination and Maternal and Child Healthcare. We adopted a collaborative approach to confront this, building on existing relationships and previous collaborations between diverse disciplines and institutions. This involved researchers, community organisers, community leaders, frontline healthcare providers and health communicators and journalists. The aim was to provide core and relevant information to help communities to improve outcomes from the COVID 19 pandemic, including shielding the elderly and vulnerable and vaccination; to inform about the interaction between COVID and other conditions.
COVID ANIMATIONS: Bringing film to life (Presentation)
(2023) Lugemwa, Abbas; Gibb, Tom
Traditional journalists, politicians, elders, and opinion leaders dominated ‘information’ and communications about the pandemic. Scientists were either side-lined, or didn’t know how to communicate the right information they had, had no resources to do it or all the information there was, wasn’t reaching them in time. The ‘COVID ANIMATIONS: Bringing film to life’ project employed a collaborative approach to science engagement and journalism with the aim of bridging the gap between COVID-19 scientific evidence generated and public health messaging. Using science-based community engagement to fight COVID-19 through animations and film journalism. Themes: -Creating COVID-19 community awareness and response through film -Mitigating the negative impact of COVID-19 on; Maternal and child health and HIV/AIDS care services
COVID-19 and Psychological Distress in Africa - Communitarian Perspectives
(Routledge, 2024) Ndasauka, Yamikani
This timely book draws on unique African experiences to explore the intersection between mental health and African communitarianism in the context of COVID-19, giving voice to the perspectives of vulnerable populations facing pre-existing challenges such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Advancing knowledge and contributing to the global debate about the effects of the pandemic on the psychological well-being of African people, chapters critique the role of media, information, misinformation, and disinformation during this period on individual- and community-based mental health. Using a holistic approach, the book highlights the need to prioritise the localising of mental health systems and clinical services to provide a better standard of care and comprehensive, context-specific mental health interventions that consider the heterogeneity within and between African regions. The book demonstrates through nuanced evidence and analysis that communitarian perspectives allow African societies to balance collective solidarity with individual well-being to benefit overall mental health. Ultimately drawing on communal values and localised knowledge to cultivate resilience to fight the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Africa, the book will be of interest to scholars, postgraduate students and researchers exploring psychology, philosophy of mental health, and public health policy more broadly, as well as and cultural studies and the sociology of pandemics. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license. Yamikani Ndasauka is Associate Professor in Department of Philosophy, University of Malawi, Malawi.
Effect of Covid-19 on Mental Health of Adolescents in Malawi (Policy Brief)
(2024) Kainja, Jimmy; M'manga, Chilungamo; Maliwichi, Limbika; Kondowe, Fiskani; Nyamali, Simunye; Mchenga, Martina; Ndasauka, Yamikani
COVID-19 has profoundly affected life as COVID-19 measures requiring social isolation, movement restrictions, and economic shutdowns change the psychosocial environment worldwide. These measures can significantly threaten the mental health of children and adolescents, especially as the closure of schools meant minimal social contact and out-of-home leisure activities for adolescents. School routines are essential coping mechanisms for young people with mental health issues. When schools are closed, they lose an anchor in life, and their symptoms could relapse. Although others turned to home school with the support of their parents, the challenge was that parents were also required to work from home. The COVID-19 mitigating measures mean the absence of external support by other family members, and social support systems have fallen away. Besides worry and anxiety related to COVID-19, the economic situation has worsened with high and rising levels of unemployment worldwide. These factors have put much pressure on children, adolescents and their families, resulting in distress, mental health problems and violence. For some children with depression, there will be considerable difficulties adjusting to everyday life when school resumes. (Lancet, 2020). The Covid-19 and Mental Health in Malawi project conducted a study to assess the effects of Covid-19 on adolescents' mental health in the country. Specifically, the study looked at Covid-19-related depression, anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The study used quantitative and qualitative methods. It collected quantitative data through a survey (n=320) and qualitative data through focus group discussions (n-4), and key informant interviews (n=12) with guardians and caregivers of adolescents in Malawi. The data were collected from four districts: Blantyre, Mangochi, Lilongwe and Karonga.
Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health of Health Workers in Malawi (Policy Brief)
(2024) Kainja, Jimmy; Maliwichi, Limbika; Kondowe, Fiskani; M'manga, Chilungamo; Nyamali, Simunye; Mchenga, Martina; Ndasauka, Yamikani
Mental health or psychological well-being is integral to an individual's capacity to lead a fulfilling life, including forming and maintaining relationships, studying, working, or pursuing leisure interests and making day-to-day decisions about these issues. Disturbances to a person's mental well-being can adversely compromise their capacity to make the right choices, leading to diminished functioning at the individual level and broader welfare losses for one's household and society. A recent analysis by the World Economic Forum estimated that the cumulative global impact of mental disorders in terms of lost economic output would amount to US$ 16 trillion over the next 20 years. The estimate marks mental health as a significant concern for public health, economic development, and societal welfare. The current study by Covid-19 and Mental Health in Malawi project has also highlighted the importance of mental health and the effects of neglecting it.
Experiences and Lessons from Structural Interventions Against COVID-19 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(2024-01-26) Engdawork, Kibur; Amdework, Ezana; Assefa, Samuel; Ayode, Desta; Tadele, Getnet
Impacts of COVID-19 Regime on Labor Within Food Systems: Whither BRICS Now and Beyond?
(2022-01) Amusan, L.; Okorie, V. O.
The advent of COVID-19 has reconfigured foodscape across the globe, BRICS inclusive. Some of the familiar sites where people in BRICS found food in pre-pandemic period has become increasingly threatened while many have completely disappeared, leaving behind dark food deserts. Information on the extent of the devastation caused by the pandemic is still emerging. Such information is pivotal to the articulation of affirmative programs and policies. This article, therefore, explores the impact of the pandemic on food systems of BRICS to indicate how the alliance may positively influence the repositioning of each country member’s foodscape to achieve food security both now and beyond this pandemic. This article uses content analysis of relevant documents and draws from functionalist’s perspective to outline various impacts of the pandemic on food systems. It argues that creating enabling environment for labor, making food security a common goal of BRICS as a body as well as putting in place mechanisms supporting local food systems will invariably ensure food security across various levels in BRICS.
Inhibition Characteristics of Peptide Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants on Activities of Bovine Trypsin
(Elsevier, 2023-07-04) Famutimi, Oladoyin Grace ; Adewale, Isaac Olusanjo; Adegoke, Kehinde Rofiat
Aqueous extract of leaves of Momordica charantia, Hymenocardia acida, Lawsonia inermis and fruit of Xylopia aethiopica have been used in sub Saharan Africa in the management of many viral diseases. Their medicinal properties had been reported to be due to their high antioxidant activities, but limited information is available whether these properties are also due to inhibition or modulation of proteases important in the pathology of viral infections. We report the inhibitory characteristics of peptides extracted from these medicinal plants against bovine trypsin, a serine protease. Extraction of the peptides was done using standard procedure and their inhibitory activities were measured against bovine trypsin. Aqueous extract of M. charantia, H. acida, L. inermis and X. aethiopica contain 5.7 ± 0.5 mg/ml, 1.0 ± 0.2 mg/ml, 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/ml and 28.3 ± 4.1 mg/ml of peptides, respectively. Using Nα-benzoyl-DL-arginine 4-nitroanilide (BAPNA) as trypsin substrate, a Km and Vmax of 0.34 mM and 0.6 μmole/min/mg protein obtained, were altered in the presence of the peptide extracts suggesting the extracts modulate trypsin activity. The inhibition was either competitive, non-competitive or mixed-type of non-competitive inhibition. Inhibition constant (Ki) ranging from 81 to 831±120 μg/ml were obtained using Dixon plot with the peptide extract from M. charantia being the most potent. We concluded that the medicinal and antiviral properties of the extracts could also be due to inhibition or modulation of proteases involved in the pathology of viral infection.
Kinetics of trypsin inhibition by methanolic and solvent-partitioned fractions of two medicinal plants – Momordica charantia and Xylopia aethiopica
(2023-01-15) Adewale, Isaac Olusanjo; Adebiyi, Victor Gbolahan; Famutimi, Oladoyin Grace; Dada, Omoniyi Vincent
LA COVID 19 DANS LA VILLE DE TOUBA : DE LA RÉSISTANCE À LA RÉSILIENCE COMMUNAUTAIRE.
(harmattan, Sénégal, 2023-10-05) TOURE, Mamadou Ndong
This article comes from the research project "Transmission of Covid 19 in Senegal: analysis of the socio-spatial dynamics of the factors of propagation in the region of Dakar and the town of Touba", implemented by the LEIDI Laboratory of the Gaston Berger University from 2021 to 2022 (02 years). It analyses the problem of community perception of the COVID-19 pandemic and its evolution in the town of Touba. It takes stock of the factors involved in resistance to and denial of the disease, and of the occupational categories most affected (commerce and transport). The overall aim of the study is to contribute to a better understanding of the community dynamics that prevailed during the Covid 19 pandemic in the city of Touba. Specifically, the aim is to question community players about their perception of the disease, and then the characteristics that explain the spread of the pandemic, particularly in terms of trade and transport. The methodology is based on the overall methodology of the research project mentioned above. The tools of the Active Participatory Research Method were favoured because of their ability to capture socio-economic realities through focus groups, interviews and testimonials, which we combined with a survey of 500 individuals from different socio-professional categories. The main findings are that community-based approaches should be favoured to deal with pandemics and future epidemics. Community transmission is generally linked to the precarious living conditions of a population that is often hard-working and obliged to travel every day in search of daily expenses in places open to the public, notably markets and bus stations.
Large-Scale Synthesis of CISe/ZnS Core-Shell Quantum Dots and Its Effects on the Enzymatic Activity of Recombinant Human Furin (an Activator of SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 Spike Proteins)
(2023) Ncapayi, Vuyelwa; Famutimi, Oladoyin Grace; Lebepe, Thabang Calvin ; Maluleke, Rodney; Masha, Sam; Mgedle, Nande; Parani, Sundararajan; Kodama, Tetsuya; Adewale, Isaac Olusanjo ; Oluwafemi, Oluwatobi Samuel
We herein report, for the first time, the activity of copper indium selenide/zinc sulphide core-shell quantum dots (CISe/ZnS QDs) as an inhibitor against recombinant human furin, an enzyme that has been implicated in the aetiology of many diseases, including Covid-19. The cell viability of the as-synthesised CISe/ZnS QDs was tested against mouse colon carcinoma cells (C26), while the Furin activity was measured by hydrolysis of peptide substrate Pyr-RTKR-AMC liberating the fluorogenic 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin. The result showed that the as-synthesised stable near-infrared emitting (840 nm) CISe-ZnS QDs is biocompatible against C26 and can inhibit furin with an inhibition constant, Ki, of 15.66 μM. The IC50 was 11.29 ± 0.54 μM, while the enzymatic activity was abolished at about 23 μM of the inhibitor concentration. The results indicate the chemotherapeutic potential of CISe-ZnS QDs as an enzyme inhibitor, which may find application in managing diseases whose pathogenesis involves hyperactivity of furin.
Nurturing Rural Resilience: Coping Strategies and Collaborative Initiatives in South Africa’s COVID-19 Response
(2023) Okem, Andrew Emmanuel; Mubangizi, Betty Claire; Adekanla, N.,; John, S. F.
The susceptibility of rural areas to the challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic is readily apparent, particularly given the pre-existing conditions of poverty and resource limitations within these communities. Consequently, rural populations confront considerable adversity amid the pandemic. The capacity of these communities to withstand such challenges hinges upon their adeptness in managing the resultant impacts. This policy brief emanates from a research inquiry conducted within two distinct local municipalities in South Africa, namely Matatiele and Winnie Madikizela Mandela (WMM). It delineates the coping mechanisms employed by these municipalities to contend with the exigencies imposed by the COVID-19 crisis. Notably, strategies encompassing the mitigation of food insecurity, the diversification of income streams, the enhancement of emotional well-being, and the curtailment of expenditures assume primacy among individuals endeavouring to secure alternative means of sustenance. This observation underscores the fundamental role of coping strategies, often centred around the satisfaction of elemental requisites such as income generation and food provision. To fortify these communities against potential disruptions, cultivating resilient local institutions and implementing efficacious collaborative endeavours emerge as indispensable. Such measures empower communities to identify and adopt alternative livelihoods, concurrently facilitating the establishment of a supportive infrastructural framework.
Optimizing COVID-19 Prevention Measures in the Face of Socia-cultural Behaviours and Population Movement Patterns in Developing Countries: Case Study of Zimbabwe
(2023-11-02) Pedro, Sansão Agostinho
Physical Activity and Depression During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Does Age and Gender Make a Difference?
(2023-11-06) Muomah, Rosemary C.; Chukwuorji, JohnBosco C.; Nwonyi, Sampson K.; Tay, Doris Akosua; Malete, Leapetswe; Adamba, Clement; Nyawornota, Vida Korleki; Nyanyofio, Oscar C.; Donkor, S. K.; Ocansey, Reginald T.

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