Xiao, HualinStrickland, BrentPeperkamp, Sharon2024-03-162024-03-162022-02-10https://doi.org/10.31730/osf.io/y6v9whttps://africarxiv.ubuntunet.net/handle/1/673https://doi.org/10.60763/africarxiv/629https://doi.org/10.60763/africarxiv/629https://doi.org/10.60763/africarxiv/629Heated societal debates in various countries concern the use of gender-fair language, meant to replace the generic use of grammatically masculine forms. Advocates and opponents of gender-fair language disagree on – among other things – the question of whether masculine forms leave women underrepresented in people’s minds. We investigated the influence of linguistic form on the mental representations of gender in French. Participants read a short text about a professional gathering and estimated the percentages of men and women present at the gathering. Results showed higher estimates of the percentage of women in response to two gender-fair forms relative to the masculine form. Comparisons with normed data on people’s perception of real-world gender ratios additionally showed that the gender-fair forms removed or reduced a male bias for neutral- and female-stereotyped professions, respectively, yet induced a female bias for male-stereotyped professions. Thus, gender-fair language increases the prominence of women in the mind, but has varying effects on consistency, i.e., the match with default perceptions of real-world gender ratios.Ecritue inclusiveFrenchGender-fair languagelGrammatical genderMasculine generics