Browsing by Author "Sanhawat Chaiwong"

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    Effectiveness of Road Safety Education in Reducing Teenage Traffic Accidents: A Systematic Review
    (2024-12-18) Francis Walugembe; Cua Ngoc Le; Hien Thi Nguyen; Sanhawat Chaiwong
    Background: This systematic review examined the impact of road safety education (RSE) on reducing teenage traffic accidents and injuries in Southeast Asia on the basis of the literature. We evaluated the effectiveness of road safety education programs, contextual and cultural adaptations, the integration of practical training, implementation challenges, and the long-term impacts on teenage behavior. Materials and Methods: The study followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This involved counting the number of studies showing a positive, negative, or no effect. A search of the articles in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted. The effectiveness of RSE was assessed by vote counting, tallying the number of studies showing positive, neutral, or negative impacts on teenage driving behaviour among those aged 13–19 years. A total of seventeen studies were selected for inclusion on the basis of predefined criteria. Results: When a systematic review was conducted, 17 key studies were identified for inclusion, reflecting diverse methodologies and focus areas. Research has shown that teenagers benefit significantly from receiving both theoretical knowledge and practical training. This comprehensive approach enhances their confidence and skills in adhering to traffic safety laws. Moreover, the involvement of parents and communities emerges as a vital factor for the success of educational initiatives. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the paramount importance of prioritizing long-term behavioural change and sustainability in road safety initiatives, particularly in teenagers. It advocates for a comprehensive approach involving community and parental engagement alongside educational programs. The findings emphasize the necessity for policymakers in Southeast Asia to allocate funding to culturally sensitive and standardized RSE programs, integrating practical training and long-term reinforcement strategies.
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    Factors Influencing Voluntary Enrollment in National Health Insurance Funds among Market Vendors: A Case of Mwanza, Tanzania
    (2024-12-18) Mushi Laurell; Saronga Happiness; Temesgen Anjulo Ageru; Hien Thi Nguyen; Sanhawat Chaiwong; Francis Walugembe
    The National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) recently developed new affordable packages aimed at attracting enrolment of new clients into the health insurance scheme, however, NHIF still faces low enrollment of clients primarily from the informal sector. This study aims to understand the factors affecting the uptake of voluntary NHIF in the informal sector, focusing on how demographic factors, socioeconomic status, level of awareness, and perceived quality of health care affect the uptake of voluntary NHIF in the informal sector. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine factors influencing voluntary uptake of NHIF among market vendors in Mwanza. Method: The study design was cross-sectional descriptive to establish factors associated with the uptake of NHIF in the informal sector. The factors explored were socio-demographic, economic, NHIF awareness and perception of health care quality. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. The respondents were from two municipal city markets in Mwanza. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 software. Descriptive analysis was performed for the background characteristics of respondents, awareness, and perception. Chi-square was used to determine factors associated with NHIF uptake. Results Data were collected from 323 market vendors from two municipal markets of Mwanza. Main source of income, perception, and awareness were positively associated with NHIF enrollment. The odds of enrolling in NHIF among respondents with low NHIF awareness were 92% lower than among respondents with high NHIF awareness. The odds of enrolling in NHIF among respondents with negative perceptions on the quality of health care services was 83% lower than among respondents with positive perceptions. Conclusion: NHIF uptake among market vendors in Mwanza City was still low. The study reports that source of income, poor awareness of the fund by the respondents, and negative perceptions with regard to quality of health care negatively affect enrollment in NHIF. The study recommends using information, education, and communication strategies to raise awareness of NHIF and create demand for insurance in the informal sector. Moreover, a review of the affordability of NHIF packages in relation to the income earned by the majority in the informal sector is important to attract enrollment.