Ethics in the study of extra-European arts objects : interests and limits of the use of medical imagery

Abstract

Our research examines the ethical considerations involved in the study of extra-European art objects, specifically those from African, Oceanic, and South American origins, through the lens of macroscopic examination and medical imaging. We focus particularly on the merits and limitations of these techniques. There is a little large-scale of scientific research employing medical imaging to thoroughly explore the ethical dimensions associated with these objects throughout their lifecycle.This study includes a literature review on the introduction of extra-European objects into French collections and the evolving roles these objects have assumed, transitioning from curiosities to ethnographic artifacts and, to art objects. By integrating insights from anthropology, medical imaging, and legal studies, our research involves a detailed macroscopic and medical imaging analysis of over 150 objects from Africa, Asia, Oceania, and South America, housed at the musée du quai Branly-Jacques Chirac as well as in private collections. This analysis not only elucidates the benefits and constraints of such studies but also underscores the critical importance of addressing ethical considerations at every stage of the object's lifecycle, including collection, exhibition, sale, and restoration.Our findings provide a comprehensive overview of current practices at various stages in the life of these objects and propose new ethical guidelines for museum practices. Drawing parallels with the treatment of Catholic cult objects, we suggest that in an era where demands for the repatriation of extra-European objects are growing, it is essential to more actively involve the originating communities in the decision-making processes. We advocate for the establishment of multidisciplinary and inclusive ethics committees to ensure that diverse perspectives, practices, and beliefs are respected.