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    Economic Sanctions and Academia: Overlooked Impact and Long-Term Consequences
    (2019-06-26) Bezuidenhout, Louise; Karrar, Ola, Zeinalabdin, Abdelrahim; Lezaun, Javier; Nobes, Andy
    There is an often-overlooked nexus between economic sanctions, academia, and sustainable development. The paper unpacks the implication of economic sanctions for the maintenance of robust academic systems capable of addressing national development goals. We show how sanctions place “invisible barriers” limiting access to necessary resources and curtailing their effective use. Furthermore, the impact of sanctions persists long after they are formally lifted. To develop our argument, we draw on a national survey of Sudanese academics focused on the impact of 20 years of economic sanctions on their work. It identifies key areas of academic research and education that have been impacted by international sanctions. It also discusses how the 2017 lifting of these sanctions is unlikely to overcome the long-term implications of the sanctions on academia. The paper concludes by problematising the current interpretation of jus post bellum, or moral behaviour after conflict. It suggests that the responsibility to make reparations in the form of support for academic systems applies to countries who impose economic sanctions.
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    Higher education research in African contexts: reflections from fieldwork in Flagship Universitiesin South Africa, Mozambique and Ethiopia
    (2021-02-01) Yallew, Addisalem, Tebikew; Dipitso, Paul, Othusitse
    This article is written with the recognition that, as higher education studies evolve as a multidisciplinary area of inquiry, there is a need to reflect on the theoretical and practical concerns emerging from conducting higher education research. This is especially the case for early-career researchers who enter this relatively new field of study. This article attempts to explore the fieldwork component of the research process considering our experiences as early-career researchers conducting PhD studies in four universities in southern and eastern Africa. The article focuses on issues related to ethics, gaining and negotiating access to the field, and dealing with positionality during fieldwork. While reflecting on these experiences, we also attempted to explore if there are any fieldwork dynamics, which are peculiar to the African higher education context that may be considered during data collection. Reflecting on our experiences, we have argued that, in some institutions, necessary procedures for researching higher education need to be in place, while with the ones that have institutionalised mechanisms the procedures adopted need to be aligned with contextual realities and should focus on ethical considerations rather than protecting the reputation of universities. Our fieldwork experience has also made us realise that the advice given to early-career researchers both in the literature, seminars and courses they attend may not adequately prepare them for the unpredictable fieldwork dynamics. In that regard, we have suggested that there is a need to prepare emerging researchers to be open-minded, flexible, reflexive, innovative and adaptable when going out to the field.
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    Understanding barriers to access and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women living with HIV in Kyenjojo District, Western Uganda protocol
    (2018-08-24) Wycliff, Katwesige; Daniel, Ebenezer
    Introduction Cervical Cancer is preventable and ranks as the second common cancer among women globally. Since 1981, the incidence of cervical cancer has been on the rise among women living with HIV/AIDS. Cervical cancer in Uganda is usually diagnosed late and the prognosis is very poor. There are gaps in general knowledge on cervical cancer (CC) screening and availability of screening services in the country. This study is intended to explore such barriers to access and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among WHIV in Kyenjojo District Methodology We will search publications and written articles on cervical cancer prevention especially screening among HIV women, from PubMed, Cochrane libraries, as well as the ministry of health unpublished reports. We will employ a qualitative study design using key informant (KI) purposively selected from Kyenjojo Hospital Reproductive Health and ART Clinics. This will permit us to achieve a detailed investigation using health belief model on individual perceptions while providing deeper insights into the factors that hinder access and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among HIV/AIDS women in Kyenjojo District. Conclusion This study is intended to explore such barriers to access and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among WHIV in Kyenjojo. The study will thus significantly contribute to improved programming, advocacy, and efforts to scale up CC services among rural populations in Uganda while contributing to overall maternal survival in line with 2030 Sustainable Development Goals country initiatives