Amharic
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Item ለካንሰር የመጋለጥ አደጋቸው ከፍተኛ የሆነ አነስተኛ የሲዲ4 ቁጥር እና ኤችአይቪ ያለበቻው የደቡብ አፍሪካ ወጣቶች(2023-10-02) ST Communicationsበደቡብ አፍሪካ የኤችአይቪ ካንሰር ማች ጥናት ከ15-24 ዓመት ያሉ ሰዎችን አካተናል፤ ከብሄራዊ የጤና ላብራቶሪ ሰርቪስ እና ከብሄራዊ ካንሰር ሬጅስትሪ ከኤችአይቪ ጋር በተያያዙ የላብራቶሪ ልኬቶች ሰፊ ስብስቦች ተገኝተዋል፡፡ በጣም ለተለመዱት የካንሰር አይነቶች የክስተት ምጥነቶችን አስልተናል፡፡ ወሲባዊ ግንኙነት፣ እድሜ፣ የቀን መቁጠሪያ አመትን እና የኮክስ ሞዴሎችን በመጠቀም የተሰላ የሲዲ4 የሴል ቁጥር እና የተስተካከሉ የአደጋ መጠኖች (የ.አ.መ) ከካንሰር ጋር ያላቸውን ግንኙነት ገምግመናል፡፡Item ተመራማሪዎች የኮቪድ-19 ቫይረስ ቀስ ብሎ ሊቀየር ስለሚችል ክትባት መስራትን ቀላል ያደርገዋል::(2023-10-02) ST Communicationsየኮቪድ 19 ወረርሽኝ በኖቬምበር 2019 መጨረሻ በውሃን ቻይና ከተከሰተ ጀምሮ መስፋፋቱን ቀጥሏል፡፡ የቫይረሱን ጄኔቲካዊ ዝግመተ ለውጥ መረዳት እና መከታተል፣ ጂኦግራፊያዊ ባህሪዎቹን እና የመረጋጋት ባህሪውን ማወቅ፣ በተለይም ሁሉንም ተንሰራፍተው ያሉትን የቫይረስ አይነቶች የሚከላከል ሁለንተናዊ ክትባትን ለመስራት እና የበሽታውን መስፋፋት ለመቆጣጠር አስፈላጊ ነው፡፡ ከዚህ እይታ በመነሳት፣ በ GISAID የመረጃ ቋት መሰረት ከዲሴምበር 24፣ 2019 እስከ ሜይ 13፣ 2020 በ 6 ስድስት አህጉሮች ውስጥ ከሚገኙ 79 ሃገሮች የተሰበሰቡ 30 983 ሙሉ የሳርስ-ኮቫ-2 ጂኖሞችን ተንትነናል፡፡ ትንተናችን እንዳሳየው 3206 ተለዋዋጭ ቦታዎች ያሉ ሲሆን በተለያዩ የጂኦግራፊያዊ ቦታዎች ወጥ የቅይርታ አይነቶች ስርጭት ታይቷል፡፡ በሚደንቅ ሁኔታ፣ እየደጋገሙ በሚከሰቱ ቅይርታዎች አነስተኛ ድግግሞሽ የታየ ሲሆን፣ 169 ቅይርታዎች (5.27%) ከ1% በላይ የጂኖም ስርጭት ነበራቸው፡፡ ሆኖም ግን፣ አስራ አራት የማይመሳሰሉ ሆትስፖት ቅይርታዎች (>10%) በቫይረሱ ጂኖም ውስጥ በተለያዩ ቦታዎች ላይ የተገኙ ሲሆን፣ ስምንቱ በ ORF1ab ፖሊፕሮቲን (in nsp2, nsp3፣ ትራንስሜምበራንስ ጎራ፣ RdRp፣ ሄሊኬዝ፣ ኤክሶኒዩክሊያስ እና ኢንዶሪቦኒዩክሊያስ)፤ ሶስት በኒዩክሊዮካፕሲድ ፕሮቲን ውስጥ እና አንድ ደግሞ በእነዚህ ሶስት ፕሮቲኖች ውስጥ ተገኝቷል፣ ስፓይክ፣ ስፓይክ፣ ORF3a እና ORF8፡፡ በተጨማሪም፣ 36 የማይመሳሰሉ ቅይርታዎች በስፓይክ ፕሮቲን ውስጥ በአንሰተኛ ክስተት (<1%) በጂኖሞቹ ዙሪያ ተቀባይ-አገናኝ-ጎራ (ተ.አ.ጎ) ውስጥ የተገኙ ሲሆን፣ ከእነዚህም ሳርስ-ኮቫ-2 ስፓይክ ፕሮቲን ከ ACE2 ተቀባይ ጋር የመያያዝ እድሉን ሊጨምሩ የሚችሉት አራቱ ብቻ ናቸው፡፡ እነዚህ ውጤቶች ከሳርስ-ኮቫ-2 ውስጠ-ጂኖሚያዊ ልዩነት ጋር አንድ ላይ በመሆን፣ ከኤችአይቪ እና ከኢንፍሉዌንዛ ቫይረስ በተለየ መልኩ፣ ሳርስ-ኮቫ-2 ዝቅ ያለ የቅይርታ ምጥነት ስላለው ውጤታማ አለም-አቀፋዊ ክትባት መስራት የመቻል እድልን በጣም ከፍተኛ ያደርገዋል፡፡Item Amharic Online Handwriting Recognition(2022-10-28) Azime, israel; Ebrahim, Kasim; Geta, Mehari; Yohannes, MitikuGrowth in the demand of touch screen devices such as smartphones, tablets and PDAs on global market is influencing the way we interact with computers. because of their architectural design these devices does not include attached keyboards as a text entry mechanism rather they use their screen as input device and let the user touch the screen to operate them. This text entry is mostly similar to the traditional way of text entry. For example works that are usually done like text entry are done using virtual keyboards which have same functionality as the hardware keyboard. Amharic is the second most popular Semitic language in Africa and it is the working language of Ethiopia. Despite its popularity no valid and workable research is found that can simplify the text entry and input system of this language. In Spite of rapid technology advancements, text entry on handheld devices is still inconvenient since there is a chance of missing buttons due to their small size specifically input mechanism for Amharic language the use of a keyboard is awkward due to the number of alphabets present in the language. Recently developers are making different keyboard applications but that doesn't seem to solve the problem. Using the touch screen capabilities of handhelds input method which is similar to handwriting is the best way to replace the current text entry approach. most people learn writing by using a pen and a pencil not a keyboard so writing on a touchscreen device like you write on a piece of paper is the natural and easiest way for the users .users can stroke their hand on a given canvas and the application reads what they write . Online handwriting recognition (OHWR) is getting renewed interest as it provides data entry mechanism that is similar to natural way of writing. This project mainly focuses on using this technique to solve the problem mentioned above. The online handwriting recognition project is not new idea .in recent years many researchers are adopting this method for their language use.Item How Multilingual Policies Can Fail: Language Politics Among Ethiopian Political Parties(2018-05-23) Worku, Mehari ZemelakBecause language has instrumental as well as symbolic values, the issue of language will always have a political aspect (Smith 2008). Often, the choice of language and its use is construed as one of the central traits to people’s definition of themselves. Besides, any given state must decide or determine the language that it deems appropriate to carry out its development and to generate, disseminate and enrich the knowledge necessary for such development. However, the case grows problematic when it comes to Sub-Saharan Africa where “every language carries a distinct and weighty baggage” of identity (Obeng & Purvis 1999). The decision was not easy for different regimes in Ethiopia, home of more than 80 ethnic groups (CSA 2008). The three consecutive regimes which have ruled the country for the last 75 years followed different paths in addressing this diversity management question. The reframing of the country under ethnic federalism, which legislates Amharic as the working language of the federal government (hereafter WL) and guarantees the right of each ethnic state to decide its own WL, is the recent attempt to respond to the same politics of recognition. However, dissatisfied voices regarding the current language policy (hereafter LP) can still be heard among political groups. Some see it as ‘not enough’ while others see it as Balkanization. Despite a few research efforts and publications on the LPs of the consecutive governments of Ethiopia, there has been no research done on the alternative policies and options available among the political parties or their relative value as LPs. Thus, the grand objective of this study is to survey, analyze and evaluate the linguistic proposals of Ethiopian political parties in government, education, and endangered languages.Item Imagining a Multilingual Cyberspace(2019-03-01) Zaugg, IsabelleThis chapter in the book "Finding control: Visions for the Future Internet," addresses steps diverse stakeholders can take to build language equity in cyberspace. It draws on research on grassroots development of digital supports for Ethiopian and Eritrean languages written in the Ethiopic script, as well as the ongoing challenges that constrain the digital vitality of many languages across the globe.